Radiofrequency ablation of liver tumours
Summary
Background: A variety of local treatment
modalities exists for the palliative therapy of inoperable primary or secondary
liver tumours. In this connection the promising use especially of thermal
ablation methods has been reported recently. Numerous procedures and technical
terms have been mentioned in this context giving us the opportunity of a review
on this subject.
Methods: From the
literature of the last five years (Medline/PubMed) including the lists of
references physical principles and application techniques, indications and
contraindications, possibilities of evaluation and results of high frequency
thermotherapy (HFTT) respectively radiofrequency ablation (RFA) were
investigated and compared to our own first experiences. Survival and recurrence
rates were estimated from the study results.
Results: Most authors describe the HF-thermoablative
treatment as a technically uncomplicated and relatively low-risk procedure.
After a mean follow-up of about 10 months the mean survival rate was
about 90 % and tumor recurrence was seen in approximately 30 % of
the patients. The main problems occurred in view of the complete registration
of all tumors with imaging techniques before RFA and the complete ablation,
especially of larger tumours.
Conclusions:
In most of the clinical studies RFA promises an advantage of survival and
improvement of quality of life compared to the known courses of untreated liver
tumours. Therefore this method should be practiced on a larger scale in
suitable patients. At the same time its efficacy must be proven by comparative
studies.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Für inoperable
primäre und sekundäre Lebertumore existieren verschiedene lokale
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Palliation. In diesem Zusammenhang wird seit
einiger Zeit über den vielversprechenden Einsatz von thermoablativen
Methoden berichtet. Zahlreiche Vorgehensweisen und technische Begriffe werden
diesbezüglich genannt, welche Anlaß zu einer zusammenfassenden
Darstellung geben.
Methode: Aus der
Literatur der letzten fünf Jahre (Medline/PubMed) inklusive
Referenzliteraturlisten wurden physikalische Grundlagen, Technologien und
Anwendungstechniken, Indikationen und Kontraindikationen,
Evaluationsmöglichkeiten und Ergebnisse der Hochfrequenz-Thermotherapie
(HFTT) bzw. Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) recherchiert und mit ersten eigenen
Erfahrungen verglichen. Aus den Studienergebnissen wurden durchschnittliche
Überlebens- und Rezidivraten geschätzt.
Ergebnisse: Die meisten Autoren beschreiben die
HF-thermoablative Behandlung als technisch unkompliziert und relativ risikoarm.
Bei einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 10 Monaten ergaben sich
mittlere Überlebensraten von etwa 90 %. Der Anteil von Patienten
mit Rezidiven betrug ungefähr 30 %. Probleme zeigten sich
hauptsächlich hinsichtlich der vollständigen Erfassung aller Tumore
mit bildgebenden Verfahren vor der HFTT und bezüglich der kompletten
Ablation, vor allem von größeren Tumoren.
Schlußfolgerungen: In den meisten klinischen
Untersuchungen verspricht die HFTT eine Verlängerung der
Überlebenszeiten und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität im Vergleich zu
den bekannten Verläufen der unbehandelten Lebertumore. Die Methode sollte
daher in noch größerem Umfang Anwendung bei geeigneten Patienten
finden. Gleichzeitig muß ihre Effektivität im Rahmen von
vergleichenden Studien überprüft werden.
Key words
High frequency thermotherapy (HFTT) - radiofrequency ablation (RFA) - liver tumours
- metastases - palliation
Schlüsselwörter
Hochfrequenz-Thermotherapie (HFTT) - Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) - Lebertumore - Metastasen
- Palliation
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. D. Ockert
Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Thorax- und
Gefäßchirurgie Uniklinikum Dresden an der TU Dresden
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